Media in Court Cases

Media in court cases has many effects. One of which is the possibility that the Medias opinion may result in tainting the jury with unproven facts. As humans we make decisions based on how we perceive the world and the information we have on decision we are going to make. Pre-Trial Publicity â€Å"Due to extensive media coverage, jury selection in a high profile case can be extremely difficult. Jurors will likely have developed some biases about the case based on the media coverage to which they have been exposed†( â€Å"Media Influence In Capital Cases†,  2011).Under the 6th amendment you have the right to a fair trial by an impartial jury of your peers. That becomes extremely difficult and possibly impossibly when the media open a flood gate of â€Å"facts† and opinions before the case has even begun. In some instances they have to relocate to court case to an area where the media coverage of the case has not been so rampant just too find impartial jurors. Wh ich just increase the cost of the court case. Not only can media influence the opinion of the jury but also the public.During the Casey Anthony case the media had a barrage of legal professionals condemning this women before the final verdict was concluded. TIME magazine called it† The Social Media Trial of the Century† (Varma,  2011). No matter what the outcome of the case that person will never have a normal life. â€Å"According to data  from  NM  Incite,  64  percent  of  people  on  Twitter  disagreed  with  the  Ã¢â‚¬ not  guilty†Ã‚  verdict,  while  only  1% agreed (35% were neutral)†( Varma,  2011).Because of media allowed in courts this woman is considered guilty by 64% of people, even though she was found not guilty. References Media Influence in Capital Cases. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. capitalpunishmentincontext. org/issues/media Varma, A. (2011). Twitter: Only 1% Think Casey Anthony Innocent. Retrie ved from http://www. socialnomics. net/2011/07/08/twitter-only-1-think-casey-anthony-innocent/

Case Study on Charlotte Beers at Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide Essay

Being successful in change implementation, the change strategist should understanding the need to change, able to develop a direction that lead the crowd to move forward, obtain support from implementers and recipients and set up plans and structure that facilitate change and encourage continuously improvement. ! Able to understanding the need to changes Charlotte Beer as the change strategist successful understood the challenges facing by O&M externally and internally. Advertising industry was going globalized and customers demand â€Å"better service at lower cost†. Strong competitions in the market threatened O&M business by taking away their important clients. Internally, O&M was unable adapt to the changing demand. Operating cost and agency fee was high while quality of work diminished and cooperation was limited among staffs. Therefore, Charlotte Beer adopted â€Å"Re-creation†, change the Company values and strategy to tackle threats. ! Successfully set up a common vision and encourage moving forward Beers worked out a vision with a group of change leaders and set up a clear direction focusing on brand stewardship. The vision â€Å"To be the agency most valued by those who most value brands† imbed the belief of brand stewardship and visualize how excellent O&M should be in future. It is encouraging, easily remembered and it leads employees’ direction to brand-orientated. However, there should be more elaboration and it was good that Beers provided some ideas on how to achieve it as well as the culture and behavior the company appreciated. This made a good start for the change program. ! Implementation plan can hit the objective and remove O&M from urgent threats. Beers had set some objectives which help to tackle the most urgent problems. Besides setting up a new direction, she needed to gain back the clients by improving the output emphasizing value of brand as well as made better use of resources. No doubt, Beers and her appointed implementers had successfully worked out brand stewardship and gained back the support from multinational clients which not only secured O&M business but also brought encouragement to the Company. By setting up WCS, hoping centralization leads to better use of resources and provide better and standardize service. Structure and system hinder the practice of Brand Stewardship Beers’s plan able to release O&M from immediate threat, but in long-run the change was not fully implemented and substantive. Beers should urgently addressed the tensions between WCS and local agencies due to job allocation, resources distribution and reward system as it discouraged the change recipients to practice brand stewardship and perform well in their job. This would affect the efficiency, waste of resources as well as affect the clients. Beers should refine the structure and redesign the work process to encourage cooperation by better define of duties, enhance flexibility, and impose a compensation system that reward contribution on brand stewardship. Limited support from implementers and recipients One person cannot make the change happen. During vision set up stage, Beers  successfully created a change team and appointed some implementers to carry out her plan. However, Beers needed to go further in communicating and enhancing commitment of the change team so that they could fully understand brand stewardship and to cultivate this culture in O&M. Furthermore, brand stewardship was not fully translated to employees, as they don’t have a structure and policy to guide them and not enough role models they can look up to as executives are not fully committed in brand stewardship either. More training or promotion campaign should be organized. Reinforce brand stewardship To walk the talk is important. Beers could continuously reward and recognize the behaviors that demonstrated brand stewardship so that people mindset would change gradually. To conclude, Beer’s change implementation was successful in short-run but to sustain the change and correct the defect, she needed to institutionalize the change continuously. Reference Todd D. Jick & Maury A. Peiperl. (2011). Managing Change Cases and Concepts (3rd ed.).New York: McGraw-Hill Education

I am happy Essay

I think, happiness lies in living a plain life within one’s own means. If you follow the dictum ‘cut you coat according to your cloth’ and live within your own means, you will not need to trouble your head to get a loan of money or to pay back loan. Besides, you will not be a parasite or a dependant on others and your free mind will bring you immense happiness. Happiness lies not only in the life of plain living but also in the life of high thinking. So, a saying goes on ‘plain living and high thinking’. If you live a life of high thinking the trifling worldly troubles will not disturb your mind. With your high mindedness and broad heartedness you will be able to excuse your small complaints and thereby you will be free from a lot of troubles. High-mindedness depends on plain living. If you do not be plain in your living you will fall in constant wants and you will become a self-seeker which will lead to low mindedness and meanness. So, in order to live a happy life, you should follow the dictum ‘Plain living and high-thinking’. Health of body and peace of mind are necessary for living a happy life. You can get health of body and peace of mind by following the principles of hygiene and ethics. Idleness, is the greatest enemy of happy life. So, you should cast off your idleness if any and do some useful and productive work. Adjustment, understanding, co-operation and tolerance are necessary for leading a happy life. So, also love, affection, sympathy and fellow feelings are necessary on your part for making your life happy. Now, I point out a very important thing for keeping a happy life. That is you cannot live happily if your neighbors are unhappy and sad. You cannot enjoy your full meal if a neighbors of your lies in starved condition. Conversely, if you find that your neighbors are happy, happiness will automatically come to your mind. So, my idea of happy life is that one should conduct in such a way and live in such a manner that his neighbors will not suffer in any way on one’s account. you should not hurt them either in mind or in person or in property. Besides, you should sincerely try to alleviate their sorrow. Here lies the true sustenance of one’s happy life. So, you should try to make others happy in order to live happy life for yourself. These are the sum  total of my idea of happy life.

Intro Geo 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Intro Geo 1 - Essay Example By forming this organization, the United States, Canada and Mexico looked to strengthen the already trade ties between the three nations. The elimination of trade barriers was seen as helping all three nations increase the economic opportunities available in their homelands, but no nation had to give up sovereignty. The EU expects formerly sovereign nations to now bow to a new governmental body in Brussels. This sort of arrangement would meet with incredible resistance in America. The United Nations as it currently is constituted would not be an effective mechanism to decide which countries can use military intervention in their behalf. The problem with the United Nations stems from the fact that the nations of the Security Council have most of the real power. Wealth, military might and resources are so incredibly concentrated in this handful of countries, that even if the rest of the world opposed an action by a Security Council state, there is little they really could do other than protest or make official statements denouncing the action. For the United Nations to be the safe keeper of the world’s militaries, there would need to be some mechanism to give small countries and equal voice with large, powerful countries (Sanders). This is unlikely to happen because it would require great concessions on the parts of powerful

Answer the questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Answer the questions - Assignment Example The U.S. commercial airports obtain their revenue largely through selling their tickets to their customers. It includes offering air transport both within and without USA. Profits are generated when their revenues exceed their costs. Commercial aircraft operators are solely licensed to offer certificates that allow an airport to charge their customers for their flight services. They obtain their revenues from fees charged for these certificates. If costs are lower than fees, they then make profits. The Transportation Security Administration is an agency that has got authority over security issues of the travelling public while Federal Aviation Administration is an authority in the US national aviation concerned with overseeing and regulating all aspects of the American civil aviation. 7. The major U.S. commercial aircraft operators must adopt a specific TSA security program that requires the aircraft operator to designate certain security positions within their company. What is the name of the security program and what specific security positions does it require the aircraft operator to have? ( 3 points) The name of the program is the Twelve-Five Standard Security Program (TFSSP) that established security requirements and measures for aircraft operators. Security Coordinator together with TFSSP provides security of property and passengers travelling on flights. This is with the aid of the Twelve-Five aircraft operator. 8. The primary U.S. airport operators must adopt a TSA security program that requires the airport operator to designate a security position within their airport organization. What is the name of the security program and what specific security position does it require the airport operator to have? Its name is Secure Flight Program. It requires an operator to have a passenger’s details (full name, date of birth, redress number, gender and known traveller number). Redress is for those customers who feel that they have been mishandled;

COMMUNITY POLICING Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

COMMUNITY POLICING - Term Paper Example of partner in community policing, application of window broken approach in community policing and relation of community policing and the Chicago department of police. Community policing is used to decrease the increasing rate of crime with the help of people. Community policing is also known as neighborhood policing. It highlights one important idea that it can reduce the crime by demanding the active involvement of people in the process of detectiing a crime. It addresses the issues of crime in the society, the fear of people about the crime, criminals and vandals in the society, problems and issues taking place where the attention of the police is not reached. This notion is designed to work with the use of organizational strategies making sure the involvement of people in a systematic way and by the use of problem solving techniques. Therefore it can address the immediate problems of society and will help to keep the social order in the desired way. Over the last twenty five years, the notion of community policing has been evolving and it has grabbed the attention of the state government in America. The violent crime control and Law enforcement was enacted in the United States in 1994 and it ordered to create a community police who are supposed to work in the community areas encouraging the involvement of people in that particular area to reduce crime and bring social order and harmony. â€Å"In addition, a new agency, the Office of Community Oriented Police Services (COPS), was created to carry out this mission, and to administer extensive funding and implementation of community policing programs across the country. According to the latest estimates, community policing is widespread, with approximately 80 percent of larger municipal and county police departments employing an average of twenty or more community policing officers.† (Willis). â€Å"A community policing concept paper is created with a vision statement definition of community policing, an outline of

Reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Reflection - Assignment Example The UAE establishes new economic and political partnerships with other world countries creating a new appealing image of the country. This new role brings challenges to people in the UAE; they face the need to learn more about other people to understand them and make their communication effective. People cannot exist separately from their culture. The definition of culture is complex because it is derived from the context. Generally, culture is often related to separate dimensions of human life like legal sphere or personal communication. When 2 or more cultures exist in one community, they experience conflict caused by fundamental differences in their world views. If people do not have any knowledge about other culture, they can easily aggravate this conflict. On the other hand, cultural awareness let different people find a common ground. One more challenge is represented by language differences; people who do not know local language are automatically treated worse than locals. Despite these negative effects, cultural diversity changes the UAE to the better. People have more opportunities to communicate with foreigners and get some practical tips about cross-cultural communication. People who travel to the UAE and come to work there are obliged to learn more about local culture and people. People become more understanding and attentive to each other. I have seen many web resources which are related to explaining the UAE culture and eti1uette to foreigners. Moreover, people become less superstitious about the UAE and Islam when they learn about them in detail. When my grandfather was young, the country was totally different. It is even difficult to compare my world with his recollections. Old traditions still exist in the UAE society but they become more liberal under the influence of other cultures. Now he cannot be flexible enough to understand all the changes which happen every

General Definitions and Short Answer Questions Essay - 1

General Definitions and Short Answer Questions - Essay Example Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, refers to a case brought before the US Supreme Court in 2006 returning a verdict that the Bush’s military commissions were unconstitutionally set up given that its structures and procedures contravened the Uniform Code of Military Justice [UCMJ] as well as the internally agreed Geneva convention Ex Parte Quirin refers to a case brought before the Supreme Court in 1942 that returned a verdict upholding the constitutionality of the military tribunal trying eight Nazi agents as unlawful combatants. Military Commission Act of 2006 is an Act of congress signed into law by the then president of the United States, George W. Bush, authorizing and delineating trial procedures of suspected terrorists by the military commission. Ex parte Milligan was a case before the United States Supreme Court in 1866 nullifying the trial of Lambdin Milligan, an American citizen, by a military tribunal as unconstitutional as long as civil courts were operational. Boumediene v. Bush refers to a case in which the United States’ Supreme Court declared the barring of â€Å"enemy combatants† held in the United States from accessing the law challenging their detention by the Military Commission Act (2006) as unconstitutional. FISC [Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court] is a United States’ federal court established under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) charged with overseeing warrant requests for surveillance of foreign nationals suspected of spying on the United States. The decision of trying the 9/11 terrorist suspects in civilian courts is one that has been met with criticism and positivity in equal measure. Noteworthy, the question as to whether the civilian courts would do more justice to the victims of the 9/11 attack than the military tribunal has never been more obscure. To be sure, nothing would be more satisfying to the victims than

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 50

Marketing - Essay Example The business policy adopted by the Zip Car is a unique one and the key thing is that they are constantly updating it with the time. Offering low rental, better availability, using high technology to attract people specially the young generation is one the key behind their success over the last 8 years. The company is now the leader of the car rental market in the USA and focusing more to boost their profitability by adopting more advanced business strategies according to the culture and structure and requirement of the society. Zip car is one of the well-known car services in the western world. The process was initiated way back taking into mind the need of the customers in and around the urban areas. In every country people who belong to higher class can afford a number of cars but the number of people in that group is very little. Majority of the people cannot afford a car but in most cases they would love to avail the service. Zip car cash onto this option and started providing car to the customer with nominal price, greater and easy availability, taking environmental pollution under control but provide easy and affordable solution to the people belonging to middle class. The company is now the leading car share company in the world providing rental car to the people and having a customer base of over 700,000 passionate customers. The bottom-line of their offering is Wheels when you want the’. A simple registration process, a comparatively lower rental, variety of choice for different occasion an d different purpose –all these making them the leading player in the car rental service. The business was started 8 years back and profit was increasing every time. The business was started focusing urban life as the need is highest over there. Soon they widen their operation and now they started to focus on environmental policy, tracking more corporate client as well to get more strong hold

Common Software Vulnerabilities', Database Security, and Attacks Essay

Common Software Vulnerabilities', Database Security, and Attacks on Networks discussion - Essay Example Linux has applications from cars to cameras and Raspberry Pi and the bug could be fatal in Android, IBM machines, and Windows (Johnson, 2011). The primary source of the attack emanates from the web where a hacker could manipulate the bug to add malicious code on websites or to funnel information such as health records or bank details (Fogel, 2013). Shellshock allows the intruder to access each internet-powered device in an individual’s home from very innocuous entities such as smart light bulbs. Rated at ten on the severity check, the only solution to the vulnerability is updating devices with patches by the website and server owners to secure their clients. While antivirus and firewalls are the initial defenses for most organizations, they will not to be able to stop the attacker getting in this way and, therefore, must be advised to obtain operating system updates from software vendors. The bug is believed to have been in existence for 25 years, to its discovery by Linux’s expert Stà ©phane Chazelas. For instance, Apache web server operates Bash in its background in executing tasks such as processing personal data keyed in through online forms. Encryption in databases has worked its way to the top of the priorities list in the current IT sector. Applications and firewalls no longer suffice in protection of data and businesses in the present day’s complex and open IT environments. Complying with a number of regulations and mitigating the risk are the main drivers forcing database encryption onto the security agenda. However, there are some proposed corrections to the challenge. At the moment, businesses are taken by key management, concerning the largest challenges as database encryption. They are also grappling with matters such as a way to seclude security management and databases, controlled usage, key copying and the means to offer the security auditor proof of secure systems (Cherry, 2011). Governments for are insisting on encryption to

Save the Tiger Essay Example for Free

Save the Tiger Essay This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2009) Save the Tiger is a 1973 film about moral conflict in contemporary America. It stars Jack Lemmon, Jack Gilford, Laurie Heineman, Thayer David, Lara Parker and Liv Lindeland. The film was directed by John G. Avildsen. The screenplay was adapted by Steve Shagan from his novel of the same title (the first book by the author of The Formula and other thrillers, and generally regarded to be his most successful novel by literary standards). Lemmon won an Academy Award for his role as Harry Stoner, an executive at a Los Angeles apparel company on the edge of ruin. Throughout the film, Stoner struggles with the complexity of modern life versus the simplicity of his youth. He longs for the days when pitchers wound up, jazz filled the air, and the flag was more than a pattern to put on a pants pocket. He wrestles with the guilt of surviving the war and yet losing touch with the ideals for which his friends died. To Harry Stoner, the world has given up on integrity, and threatens to destroy anyone who clings to it. He is caught between watching everything he has worked for evaporate, or becoming another grain of sand in the erosion of the values he once held so dear. Plot A bleak story that depicts an outwardly successful man questioning the value of the material prosperity he is desperately trying to maintain, it follows the uncertain path of Harry Stoner, the real tiger (Jack Lemmon), an executive at an apparel company close to ruin. With no legal way to keep the company from going under, Stoner considers torching his warehouse for the insurance settlement. Meanwhile, he drinks, laments the state of the world, and tries his best to keep the business rolling as usual. This last task is complicated when a client has a heart attack in the arms of a prostitute provided by Stoner. With nerves still shaky, Stoner takes the stage at the premiere of his companys new line, only to be overcome by war memories. He ends the day spontaneously deciding to go home with a young, free-spirited hitchhiker, whose ignorance of his generation underscores his isolation from the world around him. At the end of the film, Stoner agrees to the warehouse getting torched and then walks by a Little League game and attempts to act as pitcher to the children. One child shouts out, You cant play with us, Mister! , leaving Stoner yet again isolated from another part of society. Production and reception The movie was written by Steve Shagan and directed by John G. Avildsen. Lemmon was determined to make the movie, despite its limited commercial prospects, and so he waived his usual salary and worked for scale. The movie was filmed in sequence after three weeks of rehearsal in Los Angeles. There is also a novel version of Save the Tiger, by Shagan: the title comes from a campaign to save tigers from extinction to which Stoner contributes. The movie failed financially at the box office, but critics and viewers who saw it liked the Oscar-winning performance of Jack Lemmon as Stoner. Why should we save tigers? At the turn of the 20th century, according to estimates, India probably had many thousand tigers in the wild. In 2002, based on a census using the pug mark technique, this number was 3,642. As per the monitoring exercise by Wildlife Institute of India in association with National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), Government of India, using camera traps, in 2008 we were left with only 1,411 tigers. This number is so small that they will be gone soon if we don’t wake up to the crisis. The tiger is not just a charismatic species or just another wild animal living in some far away forest. The tiger is a unique animal which plays a pivotal role in the health and diversity of an ecosystem. It is a top predator which is at the apex of the food chain and keeps the population of wild ungulates in check, thereby maintaining the balance between prey herbivores and the vegetation upon which they feed. Therefore, the presence of tigers in the forest is an indicator of the well being of the ecosystem. The extinction of this top predator is an indication that its ecosystem is not sufficiently protected, and neither would it exist for long thereafter. If the tigers go extinct, the entire system would collapse. For e. . when the Dodos went extinct in Mauritius, one species of Acacia tree stopped regenerating completely. So when a species goes extinct, it leaves behind a scar, which affects the entire ecosystem. Another reason why we need to save the tiger is that our forests are water catchment areas. Therefore, it’s not just about saving a beautiful animal. It is about making sure that we live a little longer as the forests are known to provide ecological services like cl ean air, water, pollination, temperature regulation etc.

George Orwell, 1984 Essay Example for Free

George Orwell, 1984 Essay The last and arguably most powerful book to be written by renowned novelist George Orwell (pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair), 1984 is the chronicle of mankind’s gradual decay under aggressive totalitarianism and blind ideology. The influence of the novel is such that some terms such as â€Å"Big Brother†, â€Å"doublethink† and â€Å"newspeak† have somehow found their way into the modern lexicon. Orwell visualized a world under constant war, with entire societies threatened by an omniscient government that wields control even over an individual’s very thoughts. Half a century after the book’s publication, academics and casual readers alike continue to find disturbing similarities between Orwell’s 1984 and today’s increasingly intrusive institutions. With censorship, political rhetoric and propaganda becoming more and more like the slogans of Orwell’s dystopian society each day it is unsurprising that the novels remain quite a favorite among academics and literary experts alike. Orwell’s startling depiction of a totalitarian state peddling lies and deceit to its willing masses remains relevant and – to some extent – frighteningly prophetic of the present generation. Decades after it first saw print, 1984 still achieves significant readership – a literary warning that enemies of propaganda and censorship revisit time and again as a standard through which the growing excesses in government control and power could be measured. It is the world’s worst case scenario, and its enduring social relevance is a testament to both Orwell’s literary style and deep understanding of the human psyche. This paper posits that George Orwells 1984 is a dystopian novel that deftly tackles the power of language and censorship in controlling both society and the individual; hence its enduring relevance to academic studies on the political and social status quo. This study shall begin with a brief summary of the novel in order to provide a narrative background. The following discussion involves three parts: first, what is the style or form of the novel, and how does it add to the novels appeal and narrative? Second, what are the main themes of the novel? Lastly, how do these themes – combined with the novel – remain relevant to the present times, hence its popularity with academics in the sociopolitical and literary fields? These are the questions that this study must answer in order to prove its thesis. Summary 1984 is the story of Winston Smith, a member of the Outer Party residing in what used to be London. Smith is a citizen of Oceania, one of the three superstates in the world of 1984. The protagonist lives a life of controlled existence; he works in the Ministry of Truth, rewriting news stories and editing photographs in order to make history â€Å"adhere† to the Partys current slogan. People who went against the Party disappeared and made unpersons – there entire existence is erased by workers like Winston Smith. History, therefore, is constantly edited to fit whatever propaganda or slogan the Party is currently espousing. Though a member of the Party, Smith is far from a dedicated follower. He harbors a secret journal of illicit thoughts about freedom and woodenly participates in the Two Minutes of Hate and other standard Party propaganda activities. Smith meets and falls in love with Julia; there liaison, however, is both illicit and illegal. It is punishable by law, so Wilson and Julia find a sanctuary in a room above an old junk shop for their trysts. They are betrayed, however, and soon find themselves in the Ministry of Love where they are tortured and â€Å"reeducated†. In the end, fazed by the horrors of Room 101, Wilson and Julia succumb and betray each other. They are then released to await their execution on a later date. At the end of the novel, Wilson Smith accepts the power of Big Brother and willingly accepts his fate. Style and Form  George Orwells 1984, along with Ray Bradburys controversial Fahrenheit 451 and Aldous Huxleys Brave New World, is one of the worlds best-known dystopian novels. It presents a world entirely gloomy and pessimistic – the opposite of a utopia wherein everything is perfect and in its proper place. As Brunsdale (2000) points out, a dystopia is ultimately a â€Å"hopelessly wrong society† (p. 146). It is a world that has turned entirely upside down, with nearly everything completely unlike what man would envision as paradise. It is an imagined world perverted – entirely a subversion of all that society must aspire for. For George Orwell, this world is a warning, a terrible vision that could become a reality if totalitarianism and government intrusion continues unchecked. The use of a dystopian form is particularly useful in delivering Orwells message. A staunch critic of imperialism and other authoritarian forms such as communism and fascism, Orwells novel is a chilling portrait of what could happen should totalitarian politics remain unabated. His disgust with British Socialism, for example, made its way into the novels newspeak as Ingsoc (English Socialism). By presenting the novel in a dystopian form rather than a different kind of exposition, Orwell successfully parlays his sociopolitical ideas easily through an interesting world rather than a non-fiction tome of tedious words that may find comfort in cobwebs. A form other than dystopia would not have been able to deliver the message as effectively as 1984 has done. Central Themes But what exactly is it that 1984 wishes to convey? At first glance, it seems as if 1984 is doomed to be a dated indictment of the faults of the British Empire in 1948 – when Orwell completed the novel. In truth, however, the novel is more than the indictment of one government. It is not a scathing criticism on Stalinism, or the British Empire, or Hitlers destroyed Third Reich alone. It is an attack against Totalitarianism in whatever form or country, as it takes root and slowly sucks the life and freedom out of the individual and society as a whole. The novel is a critique; a warning against what could happen following the unchecked growth of totalitarian governments. It is not the alliance or the nationality, therefore, that matters, but the possible presence of totalitarian rule. One crucial theme in the novel that supports its criticism of totalitarianism is the power of language. Orwell emphasized the power of language in controlling the individuals mental freedom, particularly in terms of how much and how broad he is allowed to conceptualize. With words and language designed to limit the mind of the person, it is quite possible to exert control and slowly manipulate his or her inner thoughts. Such is the power of newspeak and doublethink – both significant concepts from the novel that gradually crossed over to the mainstream jargon. These concepts are reliant on both language and the formation of thought as the primary tools through which the Party and Big Brother carry out their manipulative plans. An example of Newspeak is the naming convention that led to the ironic names of the ministries in Orwells dystopian society. The Ministries are named in a weird manner quite opposite to what they truly stand for. For example, the Ministry of Love is one of the most fearsome ministries in Oceania, as this is where prisoners are brought for torture, reeducation and execution. The Ministry of Truth where Smith works is quite a paradox, as it concerns itself not with the propagation of truthful information, but with the erasure of people and events no longer in line with the present party rhetoric. The Ministry of Plenty and Ministry of Peace are similarly ironically named. Wemyss (1987) calls this use of newspeak as the attempt to â€Å"narrow the range of human consciousness by limiting the range of words available and by eliminating their polysemic quality† (p. 45). When some terms and concepts become unavailable for use or without a lingual equivalent, they become obsolete and forgotten by the mind. With the government controlling just which words to use and which ones to eliminate, the possibility of controlling the individuals and society becomes much larger. Here lies the power of language, which effectively affects how the brain processes and understands the world around him. Moreover, the concepts in Big Brothers society are defined in a manner describable as â€Å"inverted†. A particularly significant example is the slogan â€Å"war is peace, freedom is slavery, ignorance is strength† – everything in Wilsons world is completely upside down. It is, in essence, an example of doublethink, wherein one is forced to contain two opposing thoughts at the same time and believe them both. It is an ability forced on the people of Oceania; the citizens think of war and peace as one rather than opposing sides of the coin. Even when the citizens clearly know that Oceania switches allies from Eurasia to Eastasia constantly, they are capable of manipulating their own minds into thinking that what the Party calls its â€Å"history† has always been true and in place. Another significant theme in the novel is censorship. Radio, television and print censorship is, of course, the norm in Big Brothers world. More than the controls on media, however, the Party is also highly concerned with purity and the errors of sexual dalliances. Pornography or any form of â€Å"smut† publications are also banned in Oceania, and sexual thoughts are viewed as impurities even when conducted within the boundaries of marriage. This mirrors the penchant of totalitarian governments to extend their powers over â€Å"decency† and issues of morality. Whether or not the reason behind this is truly about cleaning up society remains a mystery. Reviews on the Novel The significance of the novel 1984 can be seen in how todays academics remain enamored and continuously attempt to correlate the classic story of political and social manipulation to Orwells final masterpiece. Agathocleous (2000) took note of the relevance of the novel primarily through the proliferation of terms used in the novel in the modern jargon. The world presented by Orwell remains resonant in todays world, wherein his ideas have become â€Å"common knowledge† (p. 101). Orwells 1984 is no longer just a novel; it is now a part of popular culture. This popularity, Agathocleous (2000) attributes to the the relevance of the issues discussed by Orwell even in todays society. It is popular because it remains true and undated, thereby becoming a classic in its own right (p. 101). For Wanner (1997), on the other hand, notes that Orwells dystopian world is completely different from other portrayals of such negative societies. Unlike other dystopian nations, Orwells Oceania has resigned itself to imperfection and unhappiness without actually admitting it. Though the government may still tout this perfect world as their own, Orwell shows the characters to be living in a difficult world, one wherein pretenses are kept up in order to survive the constant watch of Big Brother. This world is described as hopeless, and it is accurate. Rather than follow other similar styles, Orwell opts to present a realistic view of his world and the negativity that sucks everything within its path (p. 77). Wanner (1997) also notes that Orwell is not entirely separate from socialism. Though the author does indict British socialism and other similar forms of totalitarianism, the presence of Goldstein, according to Wanner, shows that Orwell is still ambivalent regarding the best way to run a society. Even Goldstein, the supposed leader of the opposition, is not a figure against socialism. Wanner thus views this as a softening on Orwells part, noting that his message may not entirely be the indictment of all socialism (p. 77). Lastly, the concept of Orwellian language and politics have slowly caught up with the United States, thanks in no small part to the current administration. In his journal article, Kellner (2007) argues that Orwells world has remained enduring over the years because of its relevance. As such, Kellner easily correlates the â€Å"War on Terror† and the rhetoric that appears in Oceania as the modern equivalent of Orwells world (p. 622). These are some of the reviews that describe the relevance and endurance of the novel, 1984. It utilizes the dystopian model, with sensational usage of the power of language and new terms, in order to correlate Orwells fictional world with the present situation.

Open field agriculture in England

Open field agriculture in England The open field system was a prevalent agricultural system in much of Europe from the middle ages; in some places it was still present up until the 20th century. For example in Herefordshire the last open fields were removed in the 20th century. This form of settlement can also be known as champion land. Each villager was allocated strips usually at a village meeting each year. Their holdings were scattered. However contrary to popular belief not all areas in England had open field farming in the medieval period. For example in Essex and Kent they retained pre Roman system of small square enclosed fields. Lincolnshire was a typical area of open field agriculture. However, much of pre roman Britain was an open field system. There is much division and debate on when the open field system originated. This can be argued that it is down to insufficient distinction being made between a three strip system, a three field system and an open field system.  [1]  H.L.Grays work in English field systems can be seen as a starting point in 1915. However it has now been realised that open field systems are much more complex than he first thought. He focused on the variety of open field systems. Later came Orwins view, in the open fields of 1938, they had a practical approach which was seen to be influential but they assumed that the open field system was fully running from the start which has been proven to be wrong. Then in 1964 came Joan thirsk new view, distinguishing between open fields and common fields and arguing that it developed slowly, maturing in the 13th century. In 1973 historical geographers Baker and Butlin did a number of regional studies which emphasised the variety, and stressed that they evolved . It concluded that the midland field system was more adaptable to change than was once believed.  [2]  This belief that they evolved is accepted but now earlier chronology is now preferred. Then in 1983 in the agricultural history review it drew attention to how they seemed to be planned. This was also argued in 1982 David Hall medieval fields for the 8th and 9th origin subdivided fields laid out in a deliberate act of planning. The original plan was drastically modified over time.  [3]  However this can be disputed R. A. Dodgshon argues that they were not consciously designed, but that they were makeshift and response to a diversity of influences. Opinion has therefore changed and evolved over time but is also still divided. Land was divided into what was known as planned countryside (champion) and ancient countryside (woodland). Thomas Harrison said it is so that soile being divided into champion ground and woodland  [4]  . In the champion everybody lives in uniformly built towns, it is a nucleated village, whereas woodland villages people are scattered. In the champion was where the open fields were, open fields are where there are no hedges or fixed physical boundaries, possibly on the edge but not internally, it has strips. The land is the champion is divided into lots of strips, each individual gets around 30 strips. They are scattered throughout the territory of the parish muddled with everybody elses. However it is in a regular order, as would be their houses in the streets also. Between 1220 and 1240 documents show that wherever Thomas de Hampton had strips then Henry de Kaam was his neighbour.  [5]  The strips of land also known as selions are then grouped into bundles called furlongs, t hese are then grouped into fields. Each village has two or three fields. Each year one of the fields was allowed to remain fallow. They were instead grazed with livestock, they became communal. Therefore it was communal on one hand but on the other individualistic, you got to keep what you grew. The strips could not be bundled into one group because if they were all in one place they may all be fallow for one year. In the late medieval periods they gradually disappear. It is often seen as hard to define when the open field system of agriculture first developed. There are many debates among historians for the origins of the open field system for example in a recent article on the common fields Dr Thirsk attacked the orthodox view of Gray Orwin on the subject. Dr Thirsk defined the classical common field system as being made up of four essential elements.  [6]  At first arable and meadow were divided into strips, then arable and meadow were open for common pasturing, then common rights over waste, then finally this was regulated by a group of people. This definition is quite unobjectionable, though it could be argued that its third element common rights over waste is not strictly essential to it.  [7]  In the journal it is argued that the open field system as it is normally understood did not come into being until the later Middle Ages. It argues that if dr thirsk succeeds in showing that the evidence for the existence of the open field syst em in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries is far from being conclusive or satisfactory.  [8]   Open field agriculture took many forms. Therefore it is hard to pin point when the origin was. The different factors which go to make up the various types of open field systems go some way towards explain the origins of such systems.  [9]  However this is then disputed by archaeologists who are concerned with the physical remains of the past e.g. ridge and furrow. The historians and historical geographers have a different view on the definition of open field systems compared to that of the archaeologists. Historians base their definitions on the systems, and social aspects. Not just merely the remains. This therefore leads to problems in dating when open fields originated. it is extremely difficult to discover the origins of almost any aspect of human behaviour, for until it is relatively common place it is usually difficult to detect archaeologically.  [10]  Also there is the problem that over the years there are changes that disrupt the land. Thus the physical manifestation s of open fields which archaeologists have to deal with are the result of the pattern imposed by the most recent cultivation, not the first.  [11]  Therefore when studying open field systems archaeologists look at the ridge and furrow and accept it to be medieval. It has however become clear from recent work they there was never just one type of open field system. Even by the thirteenth century, there was not one type of open field system but many.  [12]  There is often a pessimistic approach to the origins of open fields. The evidence that remains to help us discover the origins of the open field system includes ridge and furrow. A heavy plough, capable of turning over sod would cut the furrow and a mold board turns the soil sideways, pulled by 6 to 8 ox. We know this from domesday. This would gradually mound the soil up in the middle of the strip. The strips were not straight but always shaped as an s but backwards. This is because of the turning room the plough needed and the fact that most were right handed. We can date ridge and furrow from any time after the introduction of the heavy plough and not necessarily medieval. By the 11th century it was in use in most of England. It is important to remember that there was never one open field system over Britain that was identical and used. It also changed over the years. It developed over time. Why it grew is important. There needed to be a solution to the problem of farming with certain soils, animals, climate, topography, crops, markets, transportation and so forth. At any one moment there were open field villages in various stages of evolution.  [13]  Hard to define what an open field system was. It was different in different areas so can seen to be started at different times. Consequently, the second complex phenomenon behind the label is the lack of agreement of what is to be understood by an open field system, as different authors disagree to some extent on what constitutes the salient interlocking features of the system.  [14]   There are many broad outlines to what an open field system was and when it developed over the country making it difficult to summarise when it evolved. There is also lots of literature on this topic which is diverse. One of the earliest pieces of evidence of the early open field system comes from a law from King Ine of Wessex. If ceorls have a common meadow or other share land to enclose, and some have enclosed their share while other have not.  [15]  This was issued between 668 and 694. It gives evidence to the early existence of open fields. However it doesnt give elements of the whole system. It does not mention strips, cropping rules, common grazing or regulations. We cannot however assume that all land even within the same community was treated the same. All of the elements therefore may not have originated at once but could have been gradual. Then in 966 a charter refers to arable share land. it is very likely that the exploitation of the agricultural resources of midland E ngland was well established by the tenth century, although it is equally likely that the complex open filed system did not reach its full maturity before the twelfth.  [16]  There are now lots of evidence to suggest that the introduction of the open field system was a long term process. When looking at maps of open field systems you can see that each system is logically adapted to the geography of its parish. Also different systems co existed side by side in the same geographical area. The open field system originated because it was sufficient at feeding the population. Local landowners would rent land to farmers known as tenants, they would grow enough to survive and any left would be sold to market. Ridge and furrow advantages include drainage especially on heavy clay soils where the water wont drain easily. However you do not want to plough light soils such as chalk. Also there is the creased table cloth theory. Possible resistance to soil erosion and it creates more surface area so there is more land to grow crops on. For many centuries it met the countrys need for food, it also let villagers have a say as it made decision by vote, and people were working together, there was also the common land so a sense of community. It went hand in hand with the development of villages clustered around a nucleus of church and manor house. This created a sense of community, they worked communally, and open field agriculture is an example of this. In some villages, villagers owned a team of oxen so ploughed the strips in sequence. However in some ways it can also be seen as individualistic. It gradually spread over England, but it can never be said that it completely took over. The most common open field system was where a village had 3 bigs fields with the village located in the centre, each field could be miles across and each villagers would have strips of land in each field so that each would have a share of good and bad land.

Springbreak and The Savvy Traveler :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Springbreak and The Savvy Traveler For many college students, spring break is an exciting part of their college experience. It is a chance to get away from classes, relax, and maybe even take a vacation. Some students travel either in the U.S. or outside of the country, or even just enjoy time with family at home, but the truth remains that safety is an important factor to be remembered during spring break. While most students will have a safe and pleasant spring break, occasionally some trips have some unexpected ripples in plans and can turn into a nightmare for both the students and their parents. In order to avoid dangerous events that may happen on spring break, several organizations have developed spring break safety tips for students in order to steer clear of trouble. In an article written by the U.S. Department of State on international travel safety for students, drugs, alcohol, and disorderly behavior are cited as the most common causes of ruined vacations. In fact, each year over 2500 Americans are arrested in foreign countries for possession of illegal drugs and narcotic charges. This large number of arrests is likely due to two things: drugs that are legal in one country may be illegal in a neighboring country that students also visit and since many students are unaware of each country’s laws, some young people may become victimized. In addition to drugs, alcohol is often a problem on spring break. Charges such as drunk in public, underage drinking, and drunk driving are all major causes of student arrests while on spring break. Disorderly behavior and security issues are also a primary concern of the government for students. The safety, supervision, and security in foreign countries differ from that of the U.S., making it eas ier for students to become injured or worse die; students have died from automobile accidents, falls from balconies or into open ditches, drowning in the ocean, and water sport accidents. Besides specific tips for students to stay safe while traveling abroad, many organizations have offered trips for driving and also general safety tips while on vacation. Road trips can be a great way to bond with your friends, see new things, and also cut down on traveling costs. However, many students fail to remember the dangers that driving can present, even if they have been driving for several years.

The Collapse of the Ottoman Empire Essay -- History, The Zionists, Jew

Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, The Arab-Israeli conflict began in earnest. As the years went on and the conflict escalated it gradually shifted from a large scale Arab–Israeli issue to the more personal Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The issue that divided both parties is primarily a territorial concern based on secular belief. Zionists belief that God had made a covenant with the Jewish people to return them to the Land of Canaan or the Biblical Promise land (Christian Zionists share sympathize with the Jews, based on common backgrounds). Yet in the Quran, as espoused by the Prophet Muhammad, the lands of Jerusalem are said to be the holiest of all Arabic lands. Three movements would develop in response to these deep divisions. The Zionism movement, the Arabism movement, and the Palestinian movement. The Zionism movement, as outlined by Theodore Hertzl in his pamphlet The Jewish State, concerns itself with the creation, and later preservation of the Jewis h state. The Arabism movement seeks to shine light on a shared cultural heritage between the Arabic nations and to consolidate each nation into a collective whole. Palestinian nationalism, emerged from Arabism, and concerns itself with recapturing the sovereignty of their historic home that they believe was taken from them by western powers and given to the Jews. All three of these nations owe their creation and continued existence to each other. And while each party has their deep difference they share parraelles and common goals that will be outlined in this paper. The word Zion means harmonized community or utopia, and is a reference to the biblical land of Israel as outlined in the Jewish Torah in the books Exodus and Genesis. The secular belief championed by... ...ents’ remains perpetually intertwined in a game of cause and effect. Zionism sought the solution to years of persecution of the Jews and eventually found that solution in their biblical home of Israel, cast out from this territory the Palestinian’s, who had been brought togetheher by Arabism, assumed the role of those in Diaspora, and sought a return to the homeland they believe is there’s. Although they would never admit it to each other each of these movements has more in common then they think. They rotate around each other like the earth around its axis, perpetually cycling into one another, championing the same complains, the same causes, and same animosities that they’ve had for thousands of years. The Arab-Israel conflict when put on paper is a series of parallel lines with occasional intersection, but never a unified theme and always an incomplete picture.

Female Stereotypes In The Media Essay -- Papers

Female Stereotypes In The Media In the media the most common female stereotypes, are the housewife and the blonde bimbo. The Housewife. Chained to the kitchen sink, always cleaning and cooking. An old stereotype. In the advertisement for Shake `n Vac a woman is doing the vacuuming and dancing around shaking Shake `n' Vac on the floor. This is a stereotype for the reason that a man is nowhere to be found. But in advertisements for intelligent matters like finance, it's always a man. At first, when I saw the advertisement for Mc Cain's chips, I thought the woman in it wasn't stereotypical, as she was not cooking the meal, the man was. But after a while I saw that this was just for a joke, as at the end you saw that the man was only able to cook a tray of oven chips and he doesn't even know whether they have a chip pan or not, as the dialogue goes, Man: à ´I spent ages making these chips, slicing the potatoes, frying them in the chip panà  .à ¶ Woman: à ´What chip pan?à ¶ The Mirror's cartoon section has had a cartoon that's been there for years and years called Andy Capp. (See picture A)This cartoon follows the life of a stereotypical northern husband and wife. In the edition I looked at, there's a picture of Andy's wife carrying a bucket and a cloth, walking into the kitchen, blanking the husband whose lying on a couch nearby. He asks à ´What's the matter pet? Is it something I did? à ¶ And she shouts back à ´How? When's the last time you did anything?à ¶ In all of the cartoons, Andy never did any housework, as far as he was concerned that was women's work and he always expected his dinner to be on the table when he came home from ... ... like in the advertisement for shake and vac. The reason why stereotypes exists are usually because when people make up characters (for TV scripts, film scripts, etc.) it's easier to use the image of a woman that someone is familiar with. Most writers are male. As they don't know much about them and they can only write about what they know about, they have to use the images they have of women in their heads. It's the same with other stereotypes, i.e. French people in the media always wear berets and have onions round their necks. When will our views change completely? I think, although new stereotypes are appearing and old ones are evolving, it will take time. But the women will always be portrayed, because they're the child bearers, as being chained to the kitchen sink and planning what to have for dinner.

Accounting Records Required Essay

The general rule of the Companies Act of the Section 167(1) state that every company and the directors and managers thereof shall cause to be kept such accounting and other records as will sufficiently explain the transactions and financial position of the company and enable true and fair profit and loss accounts and balance sheets and any documents required to be attached thereto to be prepared from time to time, and shall cause those records to be kept in such manner as to enable them to be conveniently and properly audited. Thus, Beta Sdn Bhd, a private company, shall keep the accounting and other records of the company. The Beta Sdn Bhd, the company is required to keep records of the company’s financial transactions. The records must contain sufficient detail to enable the financial position of the company to be determined at any time and so that the directors can ensure that any profit and loss account or balance sheet complies with the requirements of the Companies Act 1965. The records should contain all details of any income and expenditure and a record of the company’s assets and liabilities. By virtue of section 167(3), the Beta Sdn Bhd should kept the records at the registered office that referred to in subsection (1) or at such other places in Malaysia as the directors think fit and shall at all times be open to inspection by the directors. See more: Homelessness as a social problem Essay The directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at all times the ? nancial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the ? nancial statements comply with the Companies Act 1965. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and consequently for taking all possible steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. By virtue of section 169 (14) every balance sheet of the private company, Beta Sdn Bhd shall give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company as at the end of the period to which it relates and every profit and loss account shall give a true and fair view of the profit or loss of the company for the period of accounting as shown in the accounting and other records of the company, and without affecting the generality of the foregoing, every such balance sheet and profit and loss account shall comply with the requirements of the Ninth Schedule so far as applicable thereto.

Bell 492

Student’s Name: Muhammad Iman bin Shafie Patt Faculty / Group: Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying / 5A Lecturer’s Name: Associate Profesor Puan Noreha Taib Title: THE POWER OF POSITIVE THINKING Order: Topical Order General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose : To inform my audience about the important of positive thinking in our life. Central Point : A positive mind anticipates happiness, joy, health and a successful result. Introduction I. Did you know that, three letters can determine your life’s direction? Its sounds interesting right?I also impressed with the statement of an article. First time I read this statement I feel that I should improve myself starting today. II. I remembered the situation last year where I got a job interview with my friend. Two days before I went to the interview, my friend are not willing to go because he believed that the other applicants were better and more qualified than him. His mind was filled with fears concerni ng the job and he was sure he would be rejected. His overall behaviour made a bad impression, and consequently he materialized his fear and did not get the job but fortunately, I get the job.But how this kind of thing can be happen? Today I would talk to you about how to be a positive thinker, the characteristics of positive thinker and benefits of positive thinking. (Transition : Let’s start by looking the way to be a positive thinker. ) Body I. The way to be a positive thinker A. Motivate Yourself 1. Anytime, anyway and everywhere. 2. Being productive will help you build self-confidence and make you feel better about yourself. B. Leave the Past Behind 1. Remember past successes and leave past failures behind 2. When you focus on your successes, you boast your self-confidence.When you focus on past failures you belittle yourself and make yourself feel inadequate C. Make Positive Thinking a Habit 1. Start each day and each new effort by reminding yourself how truly great you are 2. Taking the time every day to focus on all the positive things in your life (Transition : I know you can do it because if you do so, you can have your own identity. Here I tell you. ) II. There are a few character that we shall know he / she is a positive thinker. A. Try to be an optimist person 1. A person disposed to take a favourable view of things. 2.There prefer to think before made a mind decision about something. 3. See the best in things and expect a successful conclusion. B. People have a better health and always look happy 1. Practice a better life style and prefer to do something that give a benefits to them. 2. Have a better communication with people that create a harmony society. C. Resistant to stress and less prone to depression 1. Looks cool and steady in various condition. 2. Creative in problems solving. (Transition : Now you know who is a negative or positive thinker, let’s look at the benefits that positive thinker will get. ) III.A lot of benefits i f we practice positive thinking. A. Brings strength, energy and initiative. 1. Positive thinking brings more energy, more initiative and more happiness. 2. It makes you more relax and ability to make a good decision B. Clear thoughts produce clear results 1. If we practice to be a good and positive thinker, we will get what we had think 2. Chinese proverb : The person who says it cannot be done should not interrupt the person doing it Conclusion I. As we have seen, there are important for us to practice the positive thinking in our lifestyle because there are benefits waiting for us.II. Fortunately, we can be a positive thinker by practice a simple way in our daily life. III. I can be a positive thinker and I believe you too. IV. Now I get the answer why I can get the job and I hope more lucky for me in the future.Bibliography Internet Sources Awaken The Wisdom And Power Within You. â€Å"Quotes on Positive Thinking†. (01 Okt, 2012) Retrieved 16 Okt 2012 from http://www. succ essconsciousness. com Awaken The Wisdom And Power Within You. â€Å"The Power of Positive Thinking†. (29 Sept, 2012) Retrieved 16 Okt 2012 from http://www. successconsciousness. com

General Mills Motivational Profile

General Mills has been making food products for 150 years and is the 6th largest food producer in the world. Consumers recognize General Mills as the makers of Gold Medal flour, Cheerios cereal, and Betty Crocker cake mixes. But General Mills also produces Progresso soups and even the organic lines, Muir Glen and Cascadian Farms. Internationally, General Mills provides other products to 130 countries. Employees recognize General Mills as a positive place to work because of the company’s commitment to a strong ethic of service, achievement, and integrity. General Mills encourages its employees to volunteer and gives five percent of every pre-tax dollar to charitable organizations. While taking care of communities, General Mills also takes care of its employees with benefits ranging from corporate childcare to a generous vacation package and flexible hours. Because employees feel valued and inspired, General Mills enjoys a very low rate of employee turnover. For more than 100 years, General Mills has been dedicated to enriching people’s lives. General Mills stands by its commitment to championship brands, championship people, championship innovation, and championship performance. The company develops superior products designed to make consumers’ lives â€Å"easier, healthier, and more fun,† (General Mills, Values, n. d. ) General Mills endorses a philosophy of community action, corporate social responsibility, and integrity. Since 2000, the company has donated five percent of its pre-tax profits to charitable organizations. In 2009, General Mills gave more than $90. million dollars to support education, food banks, and overseas development. For example, through General Mill’s ‘African Women and Children’s Hunger Project, experts share food growing technologies with villagers in Africa. 15,000 villagers now have access to grain processing equipment and 20,000 villagers have improved access to water for crop irrigation. General Mills’ culture of philanthropy extends to its employees. Over 82% of the company’s volunteers report volunteering to their organization of choice or one supported by General Mills. Additionally, General Mills encourages charitable contributions by matching employees’ donations, dollar for dollar, to nonprofit groups. They have given millions of dollars to support education, food banks, and the arts. In 2009, Forbes magazine ranked General Mills as the 4th most respected company in the United States and the 11th most respected company in the world. General Mills uses innovative strategies worldwide to reduce its environmental footprint, starting with its product packaging. The paperboard used for General Mills’ cereal is made from 100 % recycled paper, and has been for decades. The company is working toward reducing energy use by 15% and greenhouse emissions by 20% in the next year. General Mills has also set tough goals for creating healthier food products. Almost every product line is undergoing research and redevelopment to produce products that include more whole grains and less salt and sugar. General Mills believes in conducting business with integrity. The code of conduct report outlines the company’s belief in maintaining the highest standards of quality in relationships, products, and conduct. The report states that the company will treat people fairly, keep its promises, and maintain the trust of consumers and investors. General Mills requires employee adherence to careful management of finances and assets, compliance with all local, national, and international laws, and the avoidance of conflicts of interest. General Mills has 30,000 employees worldwide and is the 6th largest food company in the world. With operations in over thirty countries, General Mills values a diverse workforce and has a strict no-discrimination policy. The company seeks talented, bright employees from many backgrounds. Additionally, General Mills places value on creating community partnerships throughout the world. Through respectful communication and an appreciation for different customs and cultural practices, the company has forged positive business and community relationships worldwide. General Mills is publicly held and includes a board, stockholders, and managers. The Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, Kendall J. Powell joined the company in 1979 as a marketing assistant. Over the years, he took on increasingly responsible positions and is an example of the company’s commitment to developing its employees. Additional employees come from a variety of backgrounds, including marketing, health and nutrition, finance, production, research, and communications. General Mills ranked 155 on the Fortune 500 list of the best companies to work for and holds position 90 on Fortunes 1000 best companies to work for in 2010. This is up nine positions from 2009. The average annual pay in the most common professional job is approx $46,200. Not only is General Mills recognized by respected financial reporting businesses such as Fortune, but is highly regarded as a great place to work by its employees. One fact that supports the idea that General Mills is a great place to work is the company is named on Fortunes â€Å"Top Company: Low Turnover† list that includes companies with a 3% voluntary leave during the past 12-month period. With such a low turnover rate, the first question that comes to mind is â€Å"What makes this company so great? † One important factor may be that the company has several attractive family-friendly benefits. Recently the infant-care center at headquarters was expanded by 43 percent, and the company subsidizes 25 percent of infant care costs. This fact alone would certainly make this company an attractive choice to many family oriented workers. General Mills employs approximately 17,000 workers in the United States. General Mills reports that â€Å"employees who lead healthy, fulfilling lives are more likely to make a strong contribution in the work place. † There are a multitude of factors that support this believe and contribute to the low turnover rate recognized and reported in Fortune. Some of the supporting factors include: generous vacation time, paid holiday, and summer hour benefits. For example, from Memorial Day to Labor Day, headquarter employees are offered an option to work longer days Monday through Thursday and work a half day on Friday. Flexible work schedules and telecommuting when business conditions allow are available. The company also offers paid leave for new fathers and parents who are adopting children. General Mills has received many corporate recognition awards. A few notable recognitions include: Fortune’s â€Å"America’s Most Admired Companies† and â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work for. † General Mills has also received recognition by Working Mother magazine as â€Å"Best Companies for Woman of Color,† Business Week â€Å"America’s Top Givers† and Business Ethics â€Å"100 Best Corporate Citizens. † Another important note is General Mill’s commitment to diversity may also play a major role in retaining employees for a longer period. General Mills published that they see diversity as a strategy rather than a policy. The company believes that his strategy gives them a global advantage as well as a competitive advantage when drafting and marketing products. Their commitment to this strategy is supported by the fact that they aggressively seek minority suppliers to provide the services that make their products possible. As part of this focus, they set minority business entrepreneur purchasing goals. They also develop relationships with national minority organizations and build employee support and development. With this in mind, I think it is clear that this company strives to stay focused on people. They understand reinforcing values that are important to people through happy employees, good brands, innovation and performance, will result in long term commitments from their employees and long term profits from their customers. On May 16, 2007, before the Joint Economic Committee, Scott A. Weisberg, Vice President, Compensation, Benefits, and Staffing for General Mills Incorporated stated, â€Å"we strive to be a â€Å"cradle-to-grave† employer, which means we hire many of our employees at the entry level and hope they spend their entire career with General Mills. We believe this continuity translates into performance and a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Our benefits package reflects this core philosophy – our benefits are imbued with incentives to encourage people to stay. Our defined benefit pension program is one of our principal vehicles to reinforce employee retention. † This is the philosophy that drives General Mills motivational strategies, which have resulted in an employee retention rate doubled that of their competitors. Their recruiting approach is to attract top candidates with the intention of keeping them for their entire working tenure to draw on their expertise as they evolve into mentors (Ziegler, 2009). General Mills acknowledges the success of the company is strongly connected to their employees. For these reasons, General Mills is one of the top companies to work for. When employees leave, especially long time employees, a significant loss of knowledge and experience leaves with them. The cost to search for and train new people is substantial. According to Kelly Baker, vice president of Corporate Diversity for General Mills, â€Å"to attract and retain and keep those people very, very focused and productive we need to offer a place where they want to be (WCCO, 2008). † General Mills achieves this by offering some of the most comprehensive benefit and incentive programs in the country. According to one employee, it was the benefits and incentives that attracted them to the company and has definitely keep them there (WCCO, 2008). Another employee commented about being more productive because of the on-site conveniences and concierge service (WCCO, 2008). The benefits and incentives offered by General Mills create a workplace that motivates employees intrinsically and extrinsically. These benefits and incentives are designed to help employees achieve a balance between work and home life. The motivational techniques applied by General Mills gives the company the ability to create a flexible, inclusive, and challenging workplace, which in turn drives productivity and innovation. If General Mills has one area in which they can improve, it would be how long employees have to wait for promotions. Low voluntary turnover is a double edged sword. The benefit of retaining employees is the knowledge base, work experience, reduced recruiting and training costs. The consequence is promotions are harder to come by because employees stay in the workforce longer. The risk to General Mills, they may see more voluntary turnover as younger workers decide to move on to companies in which the chance for promotion is more attainable. One approach General Mills could take is asking employees if there is a particular area of the company they are interested in learning. For example, a person in human resources may be interested in learning about strategic planning. The human resources employee is matched to a mentor in the strategic planning department and begins training. Now the human resources employee has the opportunity to promote in either department. As General Mills continues to grow and expand internationally, their strong vision of community partnerships and service will help them adapt to economic and cultural changes. General Mills will continue to provide high quality foods to consumers while fostering a work environment that elicits high performance from every employee.ReferencesGeneral Mills Corporate Website (2010) Careers. Why work at General Mills. A great place to work. Retrieved May 4, 2010, from http://www.generalmills.com/corporate/careers/basic_benefits.aspx General Mills (n.d.) General Mills Social Responsibility. Retrieved May 7, 2010 from http://www.generalmills.com/corporate/commitment/2010_CSR.pdf WCCO. (2008, May 29). Go inside 1 of the best places to work. Retrieved from http://wcco.com/business/best.work.places.2.736220.html Weisberg, S. (2007, May 16). Testimony to the joint economic committee. The economic impact of elder care. The employer perspective. Retrieved from http://jec.senate.gov/archive/Hearings/05.16.07%20Elder%20Care/Testimony%20-%20Weisberg.pdf Ziegler, S. (2009, May 21). General Mills is a place employees come to say. Star Tribune. Retrieved from http://www.startribune.com/business/44610022.html

Literature Review on Brand Awareness

Definition of ‘Brand Awareness' The likelihood that consumers  recognize the existence and availability of a company's product or service. Creating brand awareness is one of the  key steps in promoting a product Brand Awareness  is the extent to which a  brand  is recognized by potential  customers, and is correctly associated with a particular  product. Expressed usually as a percentage of  target market, brand awareness is the primary goal of  advertising  in the early months or years of a  product's introduction.Brand awareness is the extent to which the consumer associates the brand with the product he desires to buy. It is the brand recall and the brand recognition of the company to the consumers. Brand recall is the ability of the consumer to recollect the brand with reference to the product where as brand recognition is the potential of the consumer to retrieve the past knowledge of the brand when enquired about the brand or shown an image of the br and  logo.Brand awareness is an essential part of  brand development  which helps the brand to stand out from the others in this monopolistically competitive market Importance â€Å"Awareness, attitudes, and usage (AAU) metrics relate closely to what has been called the Hierarchy of Effects, an assumption that customers progress through sequential stages from lack of awareness, through initial purchase of a product, to brand loyalty. † In total, these AAU metrics allow companies to track trends in customer knowledge and attitudes. [2] Brand awareness plays a major role in a consumer’s buying decision process.The knowledge of an acquaintance or friend having used the product in the past or a high recognition of the product through constant advertisements and associations coaxes the person to make his decision in the favour of the brand. The eventual goal of most businesses is to make profits and increase sales. Businesses intend to increase their consumer pool and encourage repeat purchases. Apple is a brilliant example of how there is a very high recognition of the brand logo and high anticipation of a new product being released by the company.An iPod is the first thing that pops into our minds when we think of purchasing an mp3 player. iPod is used as a replaceable noun to describe an mp3 player. Finally, high brand awareness about a product suggests that the brand is easily recognizable and accepted by the market in a way that the brand is differentiated from similar products and other competitors. Brand building also helps in improving brand loyalty Brand awareness is  an important way of  promoting commodity-related products. This is because for these products, there are very few factors that differentiate one product from its competitors.Therefore, the product that maintains the highest brand awareness compared to its competitors will usually get the most sales. In the study â€Å"Effects of Brand Awareness on Choice for a Common Repeat Purchase-Product† prepared by Wayne D. Hoyer and Steven P. Brown, published by the University of Chicago Press in the journal â€Å"Journal of Consumer Research Vol. 17,No. 2(sep. ,1990) gives an abstract that Results of a controlled experiment on the role of brand awareness in the consumer choice process showed that brand awareness was a dominant choice heuristic among awareness-group subjects.Subjects with no brand awareness tended to sample more brands and selected the high-quality brand on the final choice significantly more often than those with brand awareness. Thus, when quality differences exist among competing brands, consumers may â€Å"pay a price† for employing simple choice heuristics such as brand awareness in the interest of economizing time and effort. However, building brand awareness is a viable strategy for advertising aimed at increasing brand-choice probabilities.In their research ,Brand awareness is defined as a rudimentary level of brand k nowledge involving,at the least, recognition of a brand name. Awareness represents lowest end of continuum of brand knowledge that ranges from simple recognition of the brand name to highly developed cognitive structure based on detailed information. Recognition is taken here to be the process of perceiving a brand as previously encountered(Mandler 1980). Thus the distinction between awareness and recognition is a subtle one,former denting a state of knowledge possessed by the consumer and the latter a cognitive process resulting from awareness.According to Keller (2003) stated that Brand awareness can be referred to as the ability of a consumer to distinguish a brand under various conditions. Keller (2003) also noted that brand awareness is built and increased by familiarity with the brand as a result of repeated vulnerability which eventually leads to consumers experience with the brand. Consumer’s experience of a particular brand could either be by hearing, seeing, or thin king about it and this will help the brand to stick in their memory.Brand awareness can be referred to as the degree of consumers’ familiarity with a brand. Aaker (1991) According to Aaker (1991 p. 62), there are three levels of brand awareness: * Brand recognition: It is the ability of consumers to identify a certain brand amongst other i. e. â€Å"aided recall†. Aided recall is a situation whereby a person is asked to identify a recognized brand name from a list of brands from the same product class. * Brand recall: This is a situation whereby a consumer is expected to name a brand in a product class.It is also referred to as â€Å"unaided recall† as they are not given any clue from the product class. * Top of mind: This is referred to as the first brand that a consumer can recall amongst a given class of product. Many researchers have seen brand awareness as an element that plays a vital role in consumer’s choice of brand. Aaker (1991) prescribed some of the following factors as ways to achieve brand awareness: * Involve a slogan or jingle: a slogan is a visible feature of a brand. There can be a strong link between a slogan and a brand.The slogan and jingle are powerful and can be a great change for a brand. * Be different and memorable: as a result of the similarity between product and their means of communication, product differentiation is important. * Symbol exposure: a known symbol will make it easier to recall and memorize a visible illustration of the brand. A logo that is connected to an existing brand or a developed brand will play a vital role in developing and keeping brand awareness. * Publicity: one of the most important ways to get publicity and create awareness is through advertisement. Event sponsorship: sponsorship of event can also help to create and maintain awareness. * Consider brand extension: one way to increase brand recall is to show the logo or name on the product and make the name popular. Example of t his is coca-cola which is more publicized than the key product. * Using cue: packaging is one of the most significant cues to a brand due to the fact that it is what the purchaser sees when purchasing a product. If the product or brand is not known, the only means of contact to the brand or product is the package. Hankinson and Cowking 1993), indicates in order to achieve the brand acceptance, the relationship between the customer and brand – perception of customer to brand is needed. The customer’s psychological and physical needs and the brand’s symbolic values and functional attributes will be reflect by the strong relationship between customers the brand Brand awareness is essential in buying decision-making as it is important that consumers recall the brand in the context of a given specific product category, awareness increasing the probability that the brand will be a member of the consideration set.Awareness also affects decisions about brands in the con sideration set, even in the absence of any brand associations in consumers’ minds. In low involvement decision settings, a minimum level of brand awareness may be sufficient for the choice to be final. Awareness can also influence consumer decision making by affecting brand associations that form the brand image (Keller1998)

Biopsychosocial Perspective Essay

Psychologists past, present, and future desire the answer to one basic question; â€Å"what factors influence a person’s physical and mental health are they related if a relationship exists†; thus Health Psychology emerged. In pursuit of the answer several models or perspectives came about. Over time psychologist realized that focusing on one causal factor results in partial information for analysis of health and illness. Thus, the biopsychosocial model became the primary perspective used and is the focus of this paper. â€Å"This perspective recognizes that biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces act together to determine an individual’s health and vulnerability to disease; that is, health and disease must be explained in terms of multiple contexts† (Straub, 2012, p. 16). Achieving an understanding of biopsychosocial perspective requires a description of the systems and three contexts of this theory, examination of the influence of this theory on the biomedical viewpoint, and examination of how the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors influence a person’s health. Through a hypothetical scenario an illustration of the ways in which all three factors interacts and influences an individual’s health and well-being will emerge to reaffirm understanding. Three systems and contexts The biopsychosocial model consists of systems and three contexts: immune system, endocrine system, nervous system, and cardiovascular system, as well as biological context, psychological context, and social context. As most humans know the immune system is how people fight off disease and illness. If the immune system is weak then the disease or illness will take over and weaken its host. The endocrine system is the glands within the body and the hormones produced by the glands. The nervous system controls the glands  through stimulation. The hormones released from the glands interact throughout the body to maintain homeostasis. The nervous system comprises the brain, the sensory organs, the spinal cord, and all the nerves connecting these organs with the rest of the body. The primary job of the nervous system is controlling the body and communication within its parts. The cardiovascular system is the blood, blood vessels, and the heart. The primary job of the cardiovascular system is to carry oxygen, nutrient, cellular waste products, and hormones within the body. All these systems work together to keep the body functioning and healthy. If any system is weak for any reason the body is vulnerable to disease and illness. The systems work together within the human body, but they also interact with the biological context, psychological context, and social context to influence health and well-being (Albery & Munafo, 2008). The biological context examines how genetics influence health. The psychological context examines how psychological influences (coping strategies) affect health and illness. The social context examines how social influences (culture, family, society†¦.) affect health and illness. These systems and contexts work together like the gears of a clock to influence an individual’s health and well-being. If a gear gets nicked the clock starts to slowly lose time, but repair the gear and the clock is good as new. This is true of the biopsychosocial model of health and well-being also. The biopsychosocial model was not the first model psychologist used to explain health and well-being it was the biom edical model. Influence on Biomedical Model The biomedical model considers the absence of disease is physical wellness. This model is good practice but it has limitations. The biomedical model focuses on health and well-being as biological issues with biomedical solutions (Sutton, Baum, & Johnston, 2005). On the other hand, the biopsychosocial model takes into account the whole person leading to extensive research in many aspects of wellness. It addresses more than physical well-being as many people now are ill but they have no presence of disease. Socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity and generational differences all play important roles in this model of wellness (Marks, Murray, Evans, & Estacio, 2011). The biopsychosocial model is an expansion of the biomedical model. This new model agrees that biological issues influences health and  well-being, but also believes that psychological and social issues influence health and well-being as well. Three factors influence on health and well-being A 30 year old mother of four children under 10 goes to her physician complaining of extreme fatigue and a loss of energy. Many people would say â€Å"of course you are tired. You have four young children†. She has high blood pressure, but her medication controls it so that is ruled out as the cause of her fatigue. Her doctor runs blood work, sends her for a sleep study, and asks questions about social and psychological issues that could be bothering her. When all the results are in there is no answer for her fatigue so the doctor diagnosis her with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome which means that no one knows why you are tired. Over the next several years she is in and out of her doctor’s office. The fatigue has such a toll on the woman that she gets sick easily and more often. Until she turned 30 this woman only had seasonal allergies and never got the flu or a cold. Now she seems to be sick more than not. Using the biopsychosocial model to examine this woman’s health and well-being will show how the biological, psychological, and social contexts as well as the systems are interacting to influence her health. When the doctor was questioning the woman about her psychological and social well-being he was ruling out depression as the cause. The woman is not fatigued because she is a busy mom rather the cause is a deficiency of a chemical in the brain. Through the numerous visits to her doctor she learns of a vitamin D deficiency, an underactive thyroid, and finally the root cause of her fatigue; Narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder which affects an individual’s waking hours as a result of insufficient sleep. This disorder leaves the woman needing to take medication to sleep and medication to stay awake, but still feeling fatigued about half the time. The systems involved in this individual’s health issues are the nervous, endocrine, and cardiovascular. Looking back at the clock analogy, three of the gears of her clock have nicks. Since three of her systems are weak this woman is vulnerable to disease and illness. The biological context of her health is the deficiency of t he chemical within the brain. The psychological context of her health is how she copes and over comes the issues surrounding her disorder. The social context of her health is how her family, friends, and  community react to her disorder. On a daily basis she struggles to function adequately. She is now 37 years old and works as a substitute teacher, working on her masters, wife, and mother. Every day she wakes up feeling as though she could go back to sleep and did for the first two years. She could sleep eight to nine hours at night get her kids off to school then sleep all day till her kids get home. With the medication she takes now the day time sleepiness is not as severe, but can still be overwhelming some days. Imagine the social issues that can arise as a substitute teacher if her medication is not working and she falls asleep while with students. Trying to function with narcolepsy when life previous to the disorder consists of outdoor activities, energy, and multi-tasking can cause psychological issues. Having a strong social support system, following medical advice, and a strong will to succeed keep the woman psychologically strong. The woman does struggle in her academic life, but refuses to give up. So tir ed and rundown daily she fights thru any issues that arise from the disorder that now runs her biological, psychological, and social life. Although, her clock may lose time as a result of the nicked gears, she duck-tapes the nicks and reset her clock daily. Narcolepsy is a life altering, mysterious neurological disorder that can pose serious problems for the ones affected by it.   Although, there is no cure for narcolepsy research shows that with medication, education on the disorder, counseling, support from family members and friends, that there can be some relief from the symptoms. Conclusion Over time psychologist realized that focusing on one causal factor results in partial information for analysis of health and illness. Thus, the biopsychosocial model became the primary perspective used and was the focus of this paper. An understanding of the biopsychosocial perspective attained through a description of the systems and three contexts of this theory, examination of the influence of this theory on the biomedical viewpoint, and examination of how the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors influence a person’s health. The hypothetical scenario looked at a woman with narcolepsy and the issues she faces daily from a biopsychosocial perspective. References: Albery, I. P., & Munafo, M. (2008). Key Concepts in Health Psychology. Thousand Oaks, Ca: SAGE Publications. Marks, D. F., Murray, M., Evans, B., & Estacio, E. V. (2011). Health Psychology: Theory, Research, and Practice 3rd Edition. Thousand Oaks, Ca: SAGE Publications. Straub, R. O. (2012). Health Psychology: A Biopsychosocial Approach 3rd Edition. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Sutton, S., Baum, A., & Johnston, M. (2005). The SAGE Handbook of Health Psychology. Thousand Oaks, Ca: SAGE Publications.

(case 1) human resources management (Employee Recruitment and Essay

(case 1) human resources management (Employee Recruitment and Selection) - Essay Example They company employees over 2 million associates. It is the largest employer in America. The selection process of the company is quite vast. It includes all aspects like the advertising, screening, selection process which includes interviews, assessments, testing etc. The company uses all the proven methods like interviews, qualitative testing and assessment centers. This is post the other steps like advertising and screening of applications, which form the basis to choose the candidates who would be a part of the selection process. The amount of monies that go into the entire process of selection and recruitment of employees is very high, since the process includes a number of different steps to choose the right candidate and choose the ones who would be great at what they do. The cost that can be incurred for filling in an open position is as much as $490,000. This however is the total cost which includes from advertising, until the training of the selected candidates and the figures that are provided are estimates and not the actual costs that are being incurred by the company (Bernthal, 2009). The table below provides a clear break up of all the costs. These form the direct costs of the selection process however there are a number of indirect costs that are also involved in the selection process of employees. These normally include costs which the organization incurs due to less rigorous selection method. Also another big indirect cost is the quality of the hires. The return on investment for the company can be calculated by [Benefits – Costs / Costs]*100 (Bernthal, 2009). This will provide for a clear view on the amount of return that the company makes out of the investment made into selecting, recruiting, training and paying each employee. This however includes a lot of estimations, which cannot be made by all companies. Hence it is seen that companies generally need to correctly and promptly

Assessment task 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assessment task 2 - Essay Example iv. The outcome of the intervention is for better diagnosis which helps to set the appropriate treatment for the patient. The question that makes need of my research is whether performing of ECG test on patient arrival helps in better diagnosis compared to delayed ECG test on stroke’s patients ? PART II The method of searching online has been used as a resource for information. These are research healthcare databases such as Medline plus, U.S National Library of medicine. The reason to use this database is that it is a nursing database that you can search online and offer usually access a greater scope of information. The most nursing research and articles as well as journal are found mainly on this database. Medline plus is also a free access to the public. This provides a tool for nursing in finding the resources a given case study as it is in my research. I made my search on electronic databases as well as catalogues in finding the information that was to link the case stud y of ECG test on stroke and also give the appropriate information. I made use of a key word that was typed on Google search. The basic search method that was followed are; identifying the key concept to be searched, entering keyword into the Google search box , clicking on search then an appropriate database was evaluated based on information presented and the level of trust to the source of this information. On evaluation after comparison with other sources such as The Alan E. Lindsay, ECG Learning center in cyber space but felt Medline plus had more accurate information which met my search demand. Other sources that were identified and downloaded on this ECG test but gave sketchy information on it and hence Medline plus was taken as the best. PART III A stroke usually happens if the blood flow stops to some part of the brain. Causes of stroke When blood flow get stopped for long as few seconds and the brain does not get blood which carries with it oxygen then it can cause the cell s to die and this causes a permanent damage. Usually there are two types of stroke that are major. They include; ischemic and also hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke occurs at the time when blood vessel supplying blood to the brain gets blocked by a clot in blood. This usually happens in two ways: A clot forms in the artery which is very narrow (thrombotic stroke),a clot breaks off right from any place of blood vessels that are in the brain or from other parts of the body and then travels to the brain(cerebral embolism or the embolic stroke). Ischemic strokes can be caused by clogging of arteries. Some Fat and cholesterol usually collect on the walls of arteries and forms sticky substance known as plaque. Hemorrhagic stroke usually occurs if the blood vessel on brain part is weak and bursts thereby causes blood leak to the brain. Some people may have defects that are in blood vessels and in the brain making this likely to happen (Latchaw 2009). STROKE RISK FACTORS High blood pressu re is a high risk for strokes followed by the others such as; Atrial fibrillation, Diabetes, Family history on stroke, High cholesterol, age(especially in age 55 and above) and race such as black people who are more prone to dying of a stroke. People with heart disease and also poor blood flow from